LDL and VLDL particles
Reads: Exports liver fat
The balance here is a Literal Trade Between two Places — the liver and the blood. VLDL export is how the liver gets fat out of itself. Raise it and hepatic steatosis falls; the same move raises serum triglycerides, because the fat has to go somewhere. Lower it and triglycerides fall while fat accumulates in the liver. There is NO setting that wins both. Which one you would rather have depends on which is currently the problem.
What this marker reads
The lipoprotein that packages hepatic triglyceride and ships it out of the liver — the fat-export freight line.
What a named body publishes
Each line below is the sentence the issuing body wrote, carried with its own identifier. Nothing here interprets your result — it states what was published, for whom, and by whom.
LDL cholesterol
“ATP III Table 2 classifies LDL cholesterol "<100 Optimal".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III Table 2 classifies LDL cholesterol "100-129 Near optimal/above optimal".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III Table 2 classifies LDL cholesterol "130-159 Borderline high".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III Table 2 classifies LDL cholesterol "160-189 High".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III Table 2 classifies LDL cholesterol "≥190 Very high".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“The 2018 guideline lists as a risk-enhancing factor "persistently elevated LDL-C levels ≥160 mg/dL (≥4.1 mmol/L)".” a risk-enhancing factor, not a reference range
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines · Circulation · 2019 DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625 · PMID 30586774
“2019 ESC/EAS Table 7 sets for very-high-risk patients "an LDL-C goal of < 1.4 mmoL/L (< 55 mg/dL)" together with a ≥50% reduction from baseline.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS Table 7 sets for high-risk patients "an LDL-C goal of < 1.8 mmoL/L (< 70 mg/dL)" together with a ≥50% reduction from baseline.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS Table 7 sets for moderate-risk patients "A goal of < 2.6 mmoL/L (< 100 mg/dL)" for LDL-C.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS Table 7 sets for low-risk patients "A goal of < 3.0 mmoL/L (< 116 mg/dL)" for LDL-C.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
Triglycerides
“ATP III states "Normal triglycerides: <150 mg/dL".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III states "Borderline-high triglycerides: 150-199 mg/dL".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III states "High triglycerides: 200-499 mg/dL".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“ATP III states "Very high triglycerides: ≥500 mg/dL".”
Third Report of the NCEP Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) — Executive Summary · National Cholesterol Education Program, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health — NIH Publication No. 01-3670, May 2001 The document
“The 2018 guideline lists "Persistently elevated, primary hypertriglyceridemia (≥175 mg/dL)" as a risk-enhancing factor.” a risk-enhancing factor, not a reference range
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines · Circulation · 2019 DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625 · PMID 30586774
Apolipoprotein B
“The 2018 guideline lists "Elevated apoB ≥130 mg/dL" as a risk-enhancing factor when measured.” a risk-enhancing factor, not a reference range
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines · Circulation · 2019 DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625 · PMID 30586774
“2019 ESC/EAS secondary apolipoprotein B goals are "< 65, 80, and 100 mg/dL" for very-high-, high- and moderate-risk patients respectively; 65 mg/dL is the very-high-risk goal.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS apolipoprotein B goal for high-risk patients, from "< 65, 80, and 100 mg/dL".” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS apolipoprotein B goal for moderate-risk patients, from "< 65, 80, and 100 mg/dL".” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
Non-HDL cholesterol
“The 2018 guideline's primary-hypercholesterolemia risk enhancer includes "non-HDL-C 190-219 mg/dL [4.9-5.6 mmol/L]".” a risk-enhancing factor, not a reference range
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines · Circulation · 2019 DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625 · PMID 30586774
“2019 ESC/EAS secondary non-HDL-C goals are "< 2.2, 2.6, and 3.4 mmoL/L (< 85, 100, and 130 mg/dL)" for very-high-, high- and moderate-risk patients respectively; 85 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) is the very-high-risk goal.” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS non-HDL-C goal for high-risk patients, from "< 2.2, 2.6, and 3.4 mmoL/L (< 85, 100, and 130 mg/dL)".” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
“2019 ESC/EAS non-HDL-C goal for moderate-risk patients, from "< 2.2, 2.6, and 3.4 mmoL/L (< 85, 100, and 130 mg/dL)".” a treatment goal set by cardiovascular risk category
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk · Atherosclerosis · 2019 DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.014
Your laboratory reads your result against its own assay, and this page does not do that for it. What is above is what a named body published and for whom; the machinery this marker reads is set out on its pathway page, and the formulas witnessed on it are below.
The machinery behind it
What raises this marker and what it goes on to move — each edge carried with its own study — is set out in full on its pathway page: Exports liver fat →
Formulas that modulate it
Each formula page names this pathway and carries the study behind its claim.
Build a combo from your panel
Open the bloodwork builder and select every marker your lab flagged — it covers the most machinery with the fewest formulas.